![]() ![]() Many cool-growing Passiflora from the Andes Mountains can be grown successfully for their beautiful flowers and fruit in cooler Mediterranean climates, such as the Monterey Bay and San Francisco in California and along the western coast of the U.S. × exoniensis (Exeter passion flower)ĭuring the Victorian era the flower (which in all but a few species lasts only one day) was very popular, and many hybrids were created using the winged-stem passion flower ( P. The following hybrids and cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit: Hundreds of hybrids have been named hybridizing is currently being done extensively for flowers, foliage and fruit. Passiflora entwine this 1880 Baxter process illustration by Joseph Martin KronheimĪ number of species of Passiflora are cultivated outside their natural range for both their flowers and fruit. passiflorae), the Potyvirus passionfruit woodiness virus, and the Carlavirus Passiflora latent virus. passiflorae), the undescribed proteobacterium called " Pseudomonas tomato" ( pv. Notable and sometimes economically significant pathogens of Passiflora are several sac fungi of the genus Septoria (including S. mixta, with their elongated tubes and brightly red to rose-colored petals. ![]() pinnatistipula has a round fruit, unusual in Tacsonia group species like banana passion flower and P. pinnatistipula) is a rare vine growing in the Tropical Andes southwards from Venezuela between 2,500 and 3,800 metres (8,200 and 12,500 ft) altitude, and in Coastal Central Chile, where it only occurs in a few tens of square kilometres of fog forest by the sea, near Zapallar. For example, the Chilean passion flower ( P. On the other hand, some species are endangered due to unsustainable logging and other forms of habitat destruction. caerulea) is holding its own in Spain these days, and it probably needs to be watched so that unwanted spreading can be curtailed. It overgrows and smothers stands of endemic vegetation, mainly on roadsides. It is commonly spread by feral pigs eating the fruits. tarminiana), originally from Central Brazil, is an invasive weed, especially on the islands of Hawaii. īanana passion flower or "banana poka" ( P. ![]() Since the insects usually killed are rarely major pests, this passion flower seems to be a protocarnivorous plant. Many small insects get stuck to this and get digested to nutrient-rich goo by proteases and acid phosphatases. The bracts of the stinking passion flower are covered by hairs which exude a sticky fluid. Coevolution can be a major driver of speciation, and may be responsible for the radiation of certain clades of Passiflora such as Tacsonia. It is thought to have among the highest foliar diversity among all plant genera, with leaf shapes ranging from unlobed to five-lobed frequently found on the same plant. The generally high pollinator and parasite specificity in Passiflora may have led to the tremendous morphological variation in the genus. Tawny Coster ( Acraea terpsicore) feed on Passiflora edulis, Passiflora foetida and Passiflora subpeltata.Julia butterfly ( Dryas iulia) feed on yellow passion flower and P.Banded orange ( Dryadula phaetusa) feed on P.biflora), and corky-stemmed passion flower ( P. Zebra longwing ( Heliconius charithonia) feed on yellow passion flower, two-flowered passion flower ( P.Postman butterfly ( Heliconius melpomene) prefer P.Asian leopard lacewing ( Cethosia cyane).American Sara longwing ( Heliconius sara). ![]() Gulf fritillary ( Agraulis vanillae), which feeds on several species of Passiflora, such as Passiflora lutea, Passiflora affinis, stinking passion flower ( P.Cydno longwing ( Heliconius cydno), one of few Heliconians to feed on multiple species of Passiflora.The following lepidoptera larvae are known to feed on Passiflora: These, combined with adaptations on the part of the butterflies, were important in the foundation of coevolutionary theory. The many defensive adaptations visible on Passiflora include diverse leaf shapes (which help disguise their identity), colored nubs (which mimic butterfly eggs and can deter Heliconians from ovipositing on a seemingly crowded leaf), extrafloral nectaries, trichomes, variegation, and chemical defenses. Famously, they are exclusively targeted by many butterfly species of the tribe Heliconiini. The leaves are used for feeding by the larvae of a number of species of Lepidoptera. ![]()
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